JSS TWO CURRICULUM IN DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

Aligned with the Updated National Competency-Based Learning Standards

FIRST TERM: ADVANCED HARDWARE, OPERATING SYSTEMS & WORD PROCESSING

S/N	TOPICS	CONTENT	OPERATIONAL OBJECTIVES	TEACHING AIDS
1	Computer System Architecture	1. Review of the CPU: Control Unit (CU), Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), and Registers. 2. The System Bus: Data bus, Address bus, Control bus. 3. Machine cycle: Fetch, Decode, Execute, Store.	Students should be able to: i. Explain the internal functions of the CPU components. ii. Diagram the basic fetch-decode-execute machine cycle.	Diagrams of CPU architecture, motherboard samples, animated CPU cycle videos.
2	Memory & Secondary Storage Architecture	1. Memory hierarchy: Cache, Primary (RAM/ROM), Secondary Storage. 2. Volatile vs non-volatile storage characteristics. 3. Storage device speed, capacity, and cost comparisons (HDD vs SSD vs NVMe).	Students should be able to: i. Distinguish between volatile RAM and non-volatile secondary storage. ii. Compare solid-state drives (SSD) and hard disk drives (HDD) in terms of speed and mechanism.	Physical RAM sticks, SSDs, HDDs, storage speed hierarchy charts.
3	Operating System Management	1. OS functions: Process management, File management, Memory allocation, User interface. 2. Types of User Interfaces: Command Line Interface (CLI) vs Graphical User Interface (GUI). 3. Operating system installation basics and driver management.	Students should be able to: i. Contrast CLI commands with GUI pointer operations. ii. Outline four primary duties managed by an operating system.	Terminal/Command Prompt windows, GUI desktop displays, OS comparison slides.
4	Logic Gates & Digital Circuits	1. Elementary logic gates: AND, OR, NOT. 2. Truth tables for standard single and dual-input logic gates. 3. Basic combination circuits in computer hardware.	Students should be able to: i. Draw standard symbols for AND, OR, and NOT gates. ii. Complete truth tables for basic logic gates accurately.	Logic gate symbols posters, online interactive logic circuit simulators.
5	Word Processing: Advanced Document Formatting	1. Document structure: Page setup, orientation, margins, line spacing, headers, and footers. 2. Columns layout and section breaks. 3. Bulleted and numbered lists customization.	Students should be able to: i. Set page margins, orientation, and add custom page headers/footers. ii. Create multi-column layouts for newsletter-style documents.	Sample printed magazine layouts, projected MS Word/Google Docs interface.
6	Word Processing: Tables & Visual Objects	1. Inserting and formatting tables: Merging cells, split cells, cell borders, shading. 2. Inserting graphics, shapes, SmartArt/diagrams, and text wrapping choices. 3. Table formatting options for structured reports.	Students should be able to: i. Construct and style custom data tables in a document. ii. Apply correct text wrapping settings to inserted graphic elements.	Sample formatted tabular reports, document design template cards.
7	Word Processing: Collaboration & Review Tools	1. Reviewing tools: Spellcheck, Thesaurus, Word count. 2. Track changes and comments in collaborative documents. 3. Document exporting: PDF conversion, printing properties.	Students should be able to: i. Utilize track changes and comments during peer document editing. ii. Export finished word documents into standard PDF formats.	Live software review panel displays, sample document editing tasks.
8	Mid-Term Practical Evaluation	1. Hands-on test: Advanced document design combining custom tables, graphics, headers, and column breaks. 2. Assessment of CPU and storage concepts.	Students should be able to: i. Produce a fully formatted multi-page report adhering to strict layout instructions.	Practical assessment rubrics, instruction task sheets.
9	Desktop Publishing Basics	1. Introduction to Desktop Publishing (DTP) software (e.g., MS Publisher, Canva). 2. Difference between Word Processing and Desktop Publishing tools. 3. Designing basic print items: Business cards, certificates, greeting cards.	Students should be able to: i. Differentiate DTP software applications from word processors. ii. Create a customized business card or award certificate using layout templates.	DTP software templates, physical samples of flyers and business cards.
10	Number Systems in Computing	1. Binary (Base-2), Denary/Decimal (Base-10), and Hexadecimal (Base-16) systems. 2. Binary to Decimal conversion and Decimal to Binary conversion. 3. Application of binary representations in text (ASCII encoding).	Students should be able to: i. Convert whole decimal numbers to binary representations and vice versa. ii. Explain how characters are represented using binary codes like ASCII.	Binary conversion worksheets, ASCII character code tables.
11	First Term Revision	1. Comprehensive review of computer architecture, OS types, logic gates, advanced word processing, and number systems. 2. Interactive question-and-answer session.	Students should be able to: i. Demonstrate solid theoretical and practical grasp of all term topics.	Revision quizzes, flashcards, problem-solving task cards.
12	First Term Examination	1. Written theory examination covering hardware architecture and digital logic. 2. Practical examination on advanced word processing and DTP layouts.	Students should be able to: i. Meet all term achievement standards under formal test conditions.	Examination papers, practical lab score sheets.

SECOND TERM: ADVANCED SPREADSHEETS, NETWORKING & WEB DESIGN BASICS

S/N	TOPICS	CONTENT	OPERATIONAL OBJECTIVES	TEACHING AIDS
13	Spreadsheets: Advanced Functions	1. Mathematical and statistical functions: `=MIN()`, `=MAX()`, `=COUNT()`, `=COUNTA()`. 2. Relative vs Absolute cell referencing (`$A$1` vs `A1`). 3. Copying formulas efficiently across rows and columns.	Students should be able to: i. Use statistical functions to analyze dataset extremes. ii. Apply absolute cell referencing (`$`) in formulas correctly to lock cell addresses.	Sample gradebook spreadsheet files, formula demonstration charts.
14	Spreadsheets: Logical Functions & Sorting	1. Conditional logic: `=IF()` statement parameters. 2. Data sorting (Ascending vs Descending order) and basic filtering. 3. Formatting data conditionally to highlight performance thresholds.	Students should be able to: i. Construct a simple `=IF()` formula to evaluate pass/fail criteria. ii. Sort and filter complex tabular data lists based on specific column criteria.	Interactive Excel/Sheets screens, sample evaluation data files.
15	Spreadsheets: Data Visualization (Charts)	1. Types of charts: Column, Bar, Line, Pie charts. 2. Creating and customizing charts: Chart titles, axis labels, legends, data labels. 3. Selecting appropriate charts for specific data types.	Students should be able to: i. Select appropriate datasets and generate clean visual charts. ii. Customize chart titles, axes, and legends for presentation readiness.	Sample chart type guides, live spreadsheet projection screens.
16	Network Topologies & Architecture	1. Network topologies: Star, Bus, Ring, Mesh. 2. Advantages and disadvantages of each topology. 3. Client-Server vs Peer-to-Peer network models.	Students should be able to: i. Diagram Star, Bus, and Ring network layout structures. ii. Compare client-server networks with peer-to-peer network setups.	Network topology wall posters, physical cable connections demo.
17	Data Communication & Transmission Media	1. Transmission modes: Simplex, Half-Duplex, Full-Duplex. 2. Guided/Wired media: Twisted pair (UTP/STP), Coaxial, Fiber Optic cables. 3. Unguided/Wireless media: Radio waves, Microwaves, Infrared, Satellite communication.	Students should be able to: i. Explain the difference between half-duplex and full-duplex transmission. ii. Identify guided cables and wireless transmission media used in networks.	Sample UTP cables, fiber optic cable samples, transmission mode diagrams.
18	Internet Protocols & IP Addressing	1. What is a protocol? Roles of HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, SMTP, TCP/IP. 2. IP Addresses (IPv4 vs IPv6 basics) and MAC addresses. 3. Domain Name System (DNS) and URL breakdown.	Students should be able to: i. Explain the primary purpose of HTTP/HTTPS and FTP protocols. ii. Deconstruct a URL into its protocol, domain name, and file path components.	URL structure diagrams, IP address format examples.
19	Introduction to Web Development (HTML Basics)	1. What is HTML? Role in web pages. 2. Structure of an HTML document: ``, ``, ``, ``. 3. Basic tags: Headings (` ` to ` `), Paragraphs (` `), Line breaks (` `).	Students should be able to: i. Write the fundamental structural code framework of an HTML document. ii. Use heading and paragraph tags to structure plain web page text.	Text editor software (Notepad/VS Code), browser preview windows.
20	HTML Formatting & Hyperlinks	1. Text formatting in HTML: ``, ``, ``, ``, ``. 2. Creating lists: Ordered lists (` `) and Unordered lists (` `). 3. Adding hyperlinks (``) and inserting web images (``).	Students should be able to: i. Create bulleted and numbered lists using HTML tags. ii. Insert functional hyper-links and image tags into a web page file.	Code snippet cards, sample web page coding files.
21	Second Term Revision	1. Review of advanced spreadsheet formulas, chart generation, network topologies, protocols, and HTML basics. 2. Practical coding and spreadsheet debugging workshop.	Students should be able to: i. Identify and fix code errors in HTML files and spreadsheet formulas.	Debugging worksheets, revision question cards.
22	Second Term Examination	1. Theory assessment on network topologies, transmission media, and spreadsheet logic. 2. Practical assessment creating HTML web pages and Excel data models.	Students should be able to: i. Demonstrate competency in web formatting and spreadsheet calculations under test conditions.	Examination papers, practical score sheets.

THIRD TERM: ALGORITHMS, PROGRAMMING LOGIC & CYBERSECURITY

S/N	TOPICS	CONTENT	OPERATIONAL OBJECTIVES	TEACHING AIDS
23	Algorithms & Flowcharts	1. Algorithmic thinking: Characteristics of a good algorithm (precision, finiteness, input/output). 2. Flowchart symbols: Terminal, Input/Output, Process, Decision, Flowlines. 3. Translating everyday activities and simple math problems into flowcharts.	Students should be able to: i. Identify standard flowchart symbols and state their functions. ii. Draw a flowchart representing a decision-based process (e.g., checking if a number is even or odd).	Flowchart symbol stencils, flow diagrams posters, whiteboards.
24	Pseudocode Construction	1. Definition of Pseudocode: Structured English representations of algorithms. 2. Common keywords: `INPUT`, `OUTPUT`, `PRINT`, `IF...THEN...ELSE`, `WHILE`. 3. Converting flowcharts into pseudocode scripts.	Students should be able to: i. Write clear pseudocode scripts for basic arithmetic and logical tasks. ii. Translate simple flowcharts into corresponding pseudocode formats.	Pseudocode template sheets, algorithm problem cards.
25	Control Structures in Programming	1. Sequence: Linear execution of instructions. 2. Selection: Decision-making (`IF-THEN-ELSE`, `CASE`). 3. Iteration/Repetition: Loops (`FOR`, `WHILE`, `REPEAT-UNTIL`).	Students should be able to: i. Explain the three main programming control structures. ii. Construct an algorithm utilizing a loop structure to repeat a set action.	Control flow diagrams, interactive block-coding loop demos.
26	Text-Based Programming: Introduction (Python Basics)	1. Transitioning from blocks to text code: Installing/Opening Python (IDLE or web REPL). 2. The `print()` function, comments (`#`), and basic string outputs. 3. Variables and primitive data types: Integer, Float, String, Boolean.	Students should be able to: i. Write and run a Python script displaying text messages. ii. Declare variables and assign appropriate data types in Python syntax.	Python IDLE software interface, live coding projections.
27	Python: Inputs & Basic Operations	1. Accepting user input with `input()`. 2. Basic arithmetic operations in Python (`+`, `-`, `*`, `/`, `//`, `%`). 3. Simple input-process-output Python programs (e.g., calculating rectangle area).	Students should be able to: i. Capture user input and convert strings to integers/floats. ii. Create a working Python program that performs mathematical calculations on user inputs.	Sample Python script files, exercise task sheets.
28	Cybersecurity Threats & Prevention	1. Advanced malware types: Ransomware, Spyware, Trojans, Keyloggers. 2. Social engineering attacks: Phishing, Spear phishing, Baiting, Impersonation. 3. Prevention strategies: Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), Encryption basics, System patching.	Students should be able to: i. Differentiate between ransomware, spyware, and trojan horses. ii. Explain how Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) protects online accounts.	Cybersecurity infographics, MFA security app demonstrations.
29	Data Privacy & Nigerian Data Protection Laws	1. Principles of data privacy and personal identifier safety. 2. Overview of data protection regulations (e.g., NDACT / NDPA in Nigeria). 3. Rights of data subjects and responsibilities of organizations handling user data.	Students should be able to: i. State core rights of individuals regarding their personal digital data. ii. Explain why data protection laws are necessary for digital economies.	Data protection regulation summaries, privacy case study cards.
30	Emerging Digital Technologies	1. Cloud Computing models: SaaS, PaaS, IaaS overview. 2. Internet of Things (IoT): Smart home devices, sensors, automated systems. 3. Introduction to Machine Learning (ML) vs Artificial Intelligence (AI).	Students should be able to: i. Give three real-world examples of Internet of Things (IoT) applications. ii. Describe the relationship between Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning.	IoT device samples (smart plugs/sensors), AI/ML presentation slides.
31	Third Term Project Showcase & Revision	1. Demonstration of student Python programs and algorithm flowcharts. 2. Revision covering algorithms, pseudocode, Python syntax, cybersecurity, and data protection.	Students should be able to: i. Present a functional Python script to the class. ii. Solve review exercises spanning all third-term modules.	Project scoring rubrics, comprehensive revision cards.
32	Third Term Examination	1. Comprehensive written end-of-year examination covering JSS 2 topics. 2. Practical examination on Python programming, HTML web design, and advanced spreadsheets.	Students should be able to: i. Demonstrate overall mastery of JSS 2 Digital Technology competencies.	Final examination sheets, practical lab grading registers.

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