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Number Systems in Computing - JSS 1 Digital Technologies TOPIC: Number Systems in Computing CLASS: JSS 1 Number Systems in Computing Decimal System, Binary System, Introduction to Conversion, and Importance of Binary Numbers 1. Introduction to Number Systems In modern Digital Technologies , everything we interact with online—from video games and text messages to streaming videos—is stored and transmitted as numerical data. While humans use words and alphabets, digital systems require a structured mathematical approach to process data. This structured approach is known as a Number System . Definition of Number System: A number system is a defined technique or method of representing quantities, structural data, or systemic values using a specific set of symbols. 2. The Decimal Number System The Decimal Number System is the standard coun...

Data and Information - JSS1 Digital Technologies TOPIC: Data and Information CLASS: JSS 1 Data and Information Understanding the Meanings, Differences, Sources, and Uses of Data and Information 1. Meaning of Data Before a computer can give us any useful result, we must feed it with facts. These raw items are called Data . Data refers to facts, numbers, words, or symbols that have not been arranged or sorted out. On its own, raw data does not make much sense and cannot be used to make clear decisions. Simple Definition: Data is raw, unprocessed facts and figures given to a computer as input . Data can come in different simple forms: Numbers (Numeric): For example, figures like 15 , 82 , or 500 . Words and Letters (Text): For example, names like John , Ada , or an address. Pictures (Graphics): Un...

Computer Maintenance and Safety - JS1 Digital Technologies TOPIC: Computer Maintenance and Safety CLASS: SS 1 Computer Maintenance & Safety Care of Systems, Cleaning Procedures, Safety Precautions, Causes of Damage, and Basic Troubleshooting 1. Care of Computer Systems A computer system represents a significant hardware investment that requires consistent upkeep to perform efficiently. Taking care of your system involves creating a stable, controlled operating environment to protect both electronic components and valuable user data from structural wear and sudden failure. Environmental Control: Computers must be kept in cool, dust-free, and well-ventilated rooms. Extreme operational heat acts as a primary catalyst for internal processor hardware degradation. Power Regulation: Always connect system hardware to an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UP...

Keyboard Skills and Typing Techniques - JSS1 Digital Technologies TOPIC: Keyboard Skills and Typing Techniques CLASS: JSS 1 Keyboard Skills & Typing Techniques Keyboard Layouts, Ergonomic Sitting Positions, Finger Placements, and Touch Typing Principles 1. Identification of Keyboard Sections The computer keyboard is the most vital manual input device used to interact with a digital system. Most standard computers use the QWERTY layout , named after the first six letters on the top left row of alphabets. A standard keyboard layout is divided into distinct functional sections: Alphanumeric Keys: The main cluster of keys containing letters (A-Z), primary top-row numbers (0-9), and basic punctuation keys (comma, period, semicolon). Function Keys: The distinct row at the very top labeled F1 through F12 . They act as shortcuts to trigger unique even...

Operating Systems - JSS1 Digital Technologies TOPIC: Operating Systems CLASS: JSS 1 Introduction to Operating Systems Meaning, Functions, Types, Examples, and Basic Desktop Navigation Concepts 1. Meaning of an Operating System (OS) When you power on a computer or a smartphone, you don't instantly see your apps or files. Instead, a special program loads up first to bring the machine to life. This foundational layer is known as the Operating System. Formal Definition: An Operating System (OS) is a master system software program that acts as an administrative intermediary between the computer hardware and the user. It controls, manages, and allocates physical resources so that application software can run. Without an operating system, a computer is just a collection of lifeless plastic and metal parts. The OS translates your mouse clicks or s...

Computer Software - JSS1 Digital Technologies TOPIC: Computer Software CLASS: JSS 1 Computer Software Understanding Software Categories, System Software, Applications, and Utility Packages 1. Definition of Software While computer hardware represents the physical parts of a machine, it remains completely useless without logical directions. Software serves as the program commands that instruct the physical circuitry on exactly how to perform tasks. Formal Definition: Computer Software is a collection of electronic data, structural programs, procedures, and documented instructions that tell computer hardware exactly what to do and how to execute specific user operations. Unlike physical hardware, software is intangible—meaning you can see its visual effects on a display panel, but you cannot physically touch the code files themselves. Software i...

Computer Hardware Components - JSS1 Digital Technologies TOPIC: Computer Hardware Components CLASS: JSS 1 Computer Hardware Components Exploring Input, Processing, Output, Storage, and Communication Devices 1. Definition of Hardware A computer system requires both physical parts and logical instructions to work properly. While software acts as the invisible brain directing tasks, hardware forms the physical body of the system. Formal Definition: Computer Hardware refers to the tangible, physical components of a computer system that you can see, touch, and interact with physically. Computer hardware components work together systematically to manage data. They are classified into five functional groups based on their role in processing data: Input, Processing, Output, Storage, and Communication devices. 2. Functional Classifications...

Digital Devices and Computer Systems - JSS1 Digital Technologies TOPIC: Digital Devices and Computer Systems CLASS: JSS 1 Digital Devices and Computer Systems Understanding Computer Systems, Personal Computing Forms, and Embedded Digital Devices 1. Definition of a Computer System A computer is no longer just a box sitting on a desk. To understand modern digital tech, we must look at it as a complete system. A single piece of computing hardware cannot do anything useful on its own without instructions and user data inputs. Formal Definition: A Computer System is an electronic configuration of interconnected components divided into Hardware (physical parts you can touch) and Software (invisible program instructions) designed to accept raw data as input, process it accurately according to instructions, store the results, and present meaningful output to the user...