SpreadSheets

TOPIC: Spreadsheet

CLASS: SSS Two

Definition of Spreadsheet

1. Spreadsheet is an application software that tracks, analyzes, and charts numeric information.
2. A spreadsheet is an interactive computer application program for organization, analysis and storage of data in tabular form
3. Spreadsheet is a computer program or software which allows calculations to be carried out on several cells that have numbers

Examples of Spreadsheet Packages

1. iWork Numbers – Apple Office Suite
2. Lotus 1-2-3
3. OpenOffice – Calc
4. Lotus Symphony – Spreadsheets
5. Microsoft Excel
6. VisiCalc
7.SeaTable
8. AirTable
9.SmartSheet
10. LibreOffice
11. Google Sheets
12. Quip
13. JotForm Table
14. Zoho
15.EtherCalc
16. Stackby

Application Areas of Spreadsheet

1. Accounting.
2. Statistical calculations.
3. Preparation of student results.
4. Obtaining tax estimation
5. Preparation of daily sales

Features and Terminologies of Spreadsheet

1. Active Cell: The active cell is the cell in the spreadsheet that is currently selected for data entry. The active cell reference is listed in the Name Box directly above the spreadsheet's column headings.
2. Anchor Cell: The anchor cell is the first cell that is highlighted in a range. When a range of cells is selected, they appear as highlighted in black. The anchor cell, however, remains white.
3. Cell: A cell is a rectangular area formed by the intersection of a column and a row.
4. Cell Reference: A cell reference is the name of the cell that is found by combining the Column Letter with the Row Number. For example the cell in Column "C" in Row "3" would be cell C3.
5. Column: Columns run vertically on the spreadsheet screen. An Excel spreadsheet contains 256 columns that are labeled with the letters of the alphabet.
6. Data: Data refers to the type of information that can be stored in the cells of a spreadsheet. Spreadsheet data types include values (numbers), labels, formulas and functions.
7. Formula: A formula is a spreadsheet data type that will calculate a result and display it in the active cell. A formula is written using cell references and must begin with an equal sign "=" to distinguish it from a label.
8. Formula Bar: The formula bar appears directly above the column headings of a spreadsheet and will display what has been typed into the active cell. For example, if you click on a cell that contains the formula =A3+C3, the cell itself will show the result of the formula.
9. Function: Functions are built-in formulas that are used to enter either commonly used or very complex formulas.
10. Gridlines: Gridlines are the horizontal and vertical lines on the screen that separate cells in a spreadsheet. Gridlines typically do not print unless the option is set in the layout options of the spreadsheet.
11. Labels: Labels refer to text that is typed into the cells of a spreadsheet. Labels have no numeric value and cannot be used in a formula or function.
12. Name Box: The name box appears to the left of the formula bar and displays the name of the current cell. Unless you define a cell or range of cells with a specific name, the name box will display the cell reference of the active cell.
13. Range: A range is a group of cells in a spreadsheet that have been selected.
14. Rows: Rows run horizontally on the spreadsheet screen. An Excel spreadsheet contains 16,384 rows which are labeled numerically.
15. Sheet Tabs: In Microsoft Excel, the sheet tabs appear below the worksheet grid area and allow you to switch from one worksheet to another in a workbook.
16. Values: Values are numeric data that is entered into a cell.
17. Workbook: A workbook is a collection of worksheets that are saved together in one file.
18. Worksheet: A worksheet is a single page in the workbook.

Basic Operations in Worksheet

Starting Worksheet
To start a worksheet, the MS Excel could be loaded first to the screen of the computer. A workbook will be displayed automatically as the default file name book1
Data Entry
This is the process of inputting data into the cells of the worksheet. There are three basic types of data in spreadsheet packages and they are:
a. Values or Numbers
b. Formula
c. Labels
Editing Worksheet
This is the process of customizing the worksheet so that it could ne neatly arranged on the pages when printing. Check spelling, preview layout, page setup and sheet setting, etc are parts of the editing process. The editing process gives the worksheet a befitting look.
Saving
This can easily be done using the Save As found on the file menu or by pressing ctrl + S keys simultaneously. A dialog box appears on your screen asking for the file name to be used and the location to save into.
Retrieving or Opening Worksheet
To retrieve or open a worksheet, click on office button on the menu and click on Open button from the file sub-menu or by pressing Ctrl + O keys together. A dialog box will be displayed asking you to choose the worksheet to be opened or retrieve.

Formating Worksheet

a. Changing column width
i. Pull down the Format Menu and select Column and then width
ii. Type the desired width in the space provided
b. Changing Row Height
i. Pull down the Format Menu and select Column and then width
ii. Type the desired height in the space provided

Adding Formulae and Performing Calculations
To tell the spreadsheet package that you will be entering a formula, you must start the formula with a particular symbol. Excel uses the sign = and lotus 1-2-3, uses the @, - or + signs.
The operators used in spreadsheet formulae include

Operators	Symbols
Addition	+
Subtraction	-
Multiplication	*
Division	/
Exponentiation	^

Using Functions in Microsoft Excel

Sum Function
The sum function adds up the total values of a group of cells, depending on which cells you choose. The general form is:
=SUM(First cell:Last cell)
Average Function
This will compute the average of the values of a group of cells depending on which cells you choose. The general form is:
=AVERAGE(First cell:Last cell)
Count Function
This function will count the number of entries in the range from first cell to last cells you choose. The general form is:
=COUNT(First cell:Last cell)
Max Function
The max function is used to find the largest value in a set of values in the row or column. The general form is:
=MAX(First cell:Last cell)
Min Function The Min function is used to find the smallest value in a set of values in a row or column. The general form is:
=MIN(First cell:Last cell)

Printing Worksheet

Printing a worksheet is not much different from printing a word processing document. To Print a Worksheet Click on office button, select print from the menu or by pressing ctrl + P keys simultaneously.

Creating Graphs

MS Excel gives options of creating charts from data entries in your spreadsheets. Charts like line graph, histogram, pie charts and bar charts could be created from the supplied data basically numeric data.
All charts are created in the same way by selecting range of cells within a worksheet called chart range after which one selects chart wizard option.
There are different parts of chart namely:
a. Legend: In a chart or graph in spreadsheet programs such as Excel, the legend is most often located on the right hand side of the chart or graph and can sometimes be surrounded by a border. The legend is linked to the data being graphically displayed in the plot area of the chart
b. Axis: As in normal mathematical operations every chart must carry axis i.e. axis X and Y, where X and Y stands for horizontal and vertical lines respectively which are displayed on data scale
c. Data series: These are set of numbers in either row or column.