Computing Devices II (20th Century to Date)

20th Century to date computing devices are computers that were invented and used by man from the 20th century to date
They include:
ENIAC
EDVAC
UNIVAC 1
Desktop PC
Laptop
Palmtop computer

ENIAC
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator) was the first electronic general-purpose computer. ENIAC used a word of 10 decimal digits instead of binary digits. It was designed by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert of the University of Pennsylvania, U.S. ENIAC was formally dedicated at the University of Pennsylvania on February 15, 1946, and was heralded as a "Giant Brain" by the press. It had a speed on the order of one thousand (103) times faster than that of electro-mechanical machines
Components: By the end of its operation in 1955, ENIAC contained 17,468 vacuum tubes, 7200 crystal diodes, 1500 relays, 70,000 resistors, 10,000 capacitors and approximately 5,000,000 hand-soldered joints. It weighed more than 30 short tons was roughly 2.4m × 0.9m × 30m (8 × 3 × 100 feet) in size, occupied 167m2 (1800 ft2) and consumed 150 kW of electricity. This power requirement led to the rumour that whenever the computer was switched on, lights in Philadelphia dimmed.
Uses: The addition of two numbers was achieved in 200 microseconds and multiplication in 2,800 microseconds.

EDVAC
EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) was one of the earliest electronic computers. Unlike its predecessor the ENIAC, it was binary rather than decimal and was a stored program computer. ENIAC inventors John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert proposed the EDVAC's construction in August 1944, and design work for the EDVAC commenced before the ENIAC was fully operational.
Components: The computer had almost 6,000 vacuum tubes and 12,000 diodes, and consumed 56 kW of power. It covered 490 ft² (45.5 m²) of floor space and weighed 7,850 kg. The full complement of operating personnel was thirty people per eight-hour shift.
Uses: EDVAC’s addition time was 864 microseconds and its multiplication time was 2900 microseconds (2.9 milliseconds).

UNIVAC 1
On June 14, 1951, the US Census Bureau officially put into service what it calls the world’s first commercial computer known as UNIVAC 1. UNIVAC stands for Universal Automatic Calculator. It was designed principally by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, the inventors of the ENIAC. Design work was started by their company, Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation, and was completed after the company had been acquired by Remington Rand
Components: the machine was 25 feet by 50 feet in length, and contained 5,600 tubes, 18,000 crystal diodes and 300 relays. Power consumption was about 120 kva. Its reported processing speed was 0.525 milliseconds for arithmetic function, 2.15 milliseconds for multiplication and 3.9 Milliseconds for division.
Uses: UNIVAC 1 was used for general-purpose processing with large amounts of input and output.

Personal Computers
The term home computer or personal computer became popular in the late 1970s and 1980s. A personal computer (PC) is a multi-purpose microcomputer whose size, capabilities, and price make it feasible for individual use.
Notebook and Laptop Computer
Notebooks and laptop computers are portable computers that usually feature integral keyboards and monitors
Palmtop computer
A palmtop computer is a small, handheld computer that is about the size of a pocket calculator. They were popular in the late 1980s and early 1990s, but they have since been largely replaced by smartphones and tablets.