SSS Two Government Objective Questions

SSS Two Government Objective Questions (90-Question Set)

1. The term 'government' can be defined as

1. the executive arm of a state.
2. the group of people who make and enforce laws.
3. the judicial arm of a state.
4. the territory and people of a country.

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Correct Answer: B. the group of people who make and enforce laws.

Explanation:
Government refers to the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. It is the body that exercises political authority and power.

2. The first Nigerian constitution to make provision for a federal system was the

1. Clifford Constitution
2. Richards Constitution
3. Macpherson Constitution
4. Lyttelton Constitution

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Correct Answer: D. Lyttelton Constitution

Explanation:
The Lyttelton Constitution of 1954 is considered the landmark that fully established a federal structure in Nigeria, with a clear division of powers between the central and regional governments.

3. A political ideology that advocates for a classless society and common ownership of the means of production is known as

1. Capitalism
2. Socialism
3. Communism
4. Fascism

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Correct Answer: C. Communism

Explanation:
Communism is a political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating for a society where all property is publicly owned and each person is paid according to their needs and abilities, leading to a classless society.

4. The main function of the mass media in a democratic society is to

1. support the government in power.
2. inform the public and serve as a watchdog.
3. promote political party ideologies.
4. suppress opposition views.

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Correct Answer: B. inform the public and serve as a watchdog.

Explanation:
A free and independent media is crucial for a democracy. Its role is to inform the public, hold the government accountable (the "watchdog" role), and provide a platform for different views to be heard.

5. The principle of judicial independence guarantees that the judiciary can

1. make laws without the legislature.
2. conduct its duties without fear or favour.
3. be a member of a political party.
4. receive salaries from the executive.

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Correct Answer: B. conduct its duties without fear or favour.

Explanation:
Judicial independence ensures that judges and the court system are impartial and are not subject to improper influence from other branches of government or private interests.

6. In a federal system, the power to create a police force for the entire country is usually vested in the

1. state government.
2. local government.
3. central government.
4. military.

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Correct Answer: C. central government.

Explanation:
Defence and security, including the police force, are typically on the exclusive legislative list of a central or federal government to ensure national security and unity.

7. The main objective of the Commonwealth of Nations is

1. economic integration.
2. political and military alliance.
3. fostering cooperation and common values.
4. establishing a common currency.

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Correct Answer: C. fostering cooperation and common values.

Explanation:
The Commonwealth is a voluntary association of independent states that cooperate on various issues, sharing common values like democracy, good governance, and human rights.

8. What is the main purpose of a constitution?

1. To ensure the ruler has absolute power.
2. To give power to the military.
3. To limit the power of government.
4. To promote a specific religion.

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Correct Answer: C. To limit the power of government.

Explanation:
A constitution defines the fundamental laws of a state and, crucially, establishes limits on the powers of the government to prevent abuse of authority and protect individual rights.

9. The process of removing an elected official by popular vote is known as

1. impeachment
2. recall
3. referendum
4. plebiscite

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Correct Answer: B. recall

Explanation:
A recall is a procedure by which citizens can remove an elected official from office before the expiration of their term through a direct popular vote. Impeachment is a legislative process.

10. The civil service in a democratic state is expected to be

1. partisan and loyal to the ruling party.
2. politically neutral and professional.
3. an extension of the military.
4. able to contest in elections.

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Correct Answer: B. politically neutral and professional.

Explanation:
The civil service is the permanent body of public servants that administers the country. It is expected to serve the government of the day impartially, regardless of which political party is in power.

11. Which of the following is not a feature of a totalitarian system?

1. One-party rule
2. Freedom of speech
3. Censorship of the media
4. State control of the economy

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Correct Answer: B. Freedom of speech

Explanation:
Totalitarianism is a form of government where the state exercises absolute control over public and private life. This includes suppressing dissent and restricting freedom of speech to maintain power.

12. The first Nigerian political party formed to contest the 1923 elections was the

1. Nigerian Youth Movement (NYM)
2. Nigerian National Democratic Party (NNDP)
3. National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC)
4. Action Group (AG)

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Correct Answer: B. Nigerian National Democratic Party (NNDP)

Explanation:
Founded by Herbert Macaulay in 1923, the NNDP was the first political party in Nigeria and was formed to take advantage of the elective principle introduced by the Clifford Constitution of 1922.

13. Which of the following is a disadvantage of a unitary system of government?

1. It is easier to run.
2. It promotes national unity.
3. It can lead to neglect of local interests.
4. It is cheaper to operate.

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Correct Answer: C. It can lead to neglect of local interests.

Explanation:
In a unitary system, power is concentrated at the center. This can lead to the central government overlooking the specific needs and interests of local communities and regions.

14. The main function of the Judiciary is to

1. make laws.
2. execute laws.
3. interpret laws.
4. enforce laws.

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Correct Answer: C. interpret laws.

Explanation:
The judiciary's primary role is to interpret the laws of the land and the constitution and to administer justice in legal disputes.

15. A country is a republic when its Head of State is

1. a King or Queen.
2. an emperor.
3. a president.
4. a prime minister.

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Correct Answer: C. a president.

Explanation:
A republic is a state in which the head of state is a president or an elected or appointed person, and not a monarch.

16. The main objective of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) was to

1. create a United States of Africa.
2. promote African unity and solidarity.
3. form a common military force.
4. encourage economic exploitation.

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Correct Answer: B. promote African unity and solidarity.

Explanation:
The OAU was founded in 1963 to promote unity and solidarity among African states, defend their sovereignty, and eradicate all forms of colonialism from the continent.

17. A major feature of a political party is that it must have a

1. well-defined manifesto.
2. single, charismatic leader.
3. small, exclusive membership.
4. military wing.

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Correct Answer: A. well-defined manifesto.

Explanation:
A political party's manifesto outlines its political ideology, policies, and programs, serving as a guide for its members and a promise to the electorate.

18. The independence of the judiciary is a key component of the principle of

1. Sovereignty
2. Rule of Law
3. Citizenship
4. Checks and Balances

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Correct Answer: B. Rule of Law

Explanation:
The rule of law, which states that everyone is subject to the law, requires an independent judiciary to ensure that the law is applied fairly and without bias to all persons.

19. The process by which an individual obtains citizenship in a foreign country is called

1. Naturalization
2. Indigenization
3. Acculturation
4. Patronage

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Correct Answer: A. Naturalization

Explanation:
Naturalization is the legal act or process by which a non-citizen of a country may acquire citizenship or nationality. It is a common method for people to become citizens of a country where they were not born.

20. The first Nigerian Prime Minister was

1. Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe
2. Chief Obafemi Awolowo
3. Alhaji Abubakar Tafawa Balewa
4. Sir Ahmadu Bello

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Correct Answer: C. Alhaji Abubakar Tafawa Balewa

Explanation:
Alhaji Abubakar Tafawa Balewa served as Nigeria's first and only Prime Minister from 1957 until his assassination in the 1966 military coup.

21. In a presidential system, the president is both the Head of State and

1. Head of the Judiciary
2. Head of the Parliament
3. Head of Government
4. Head of the Civil Service

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Correct Answer: C. Head of Government

Explanation:
The presidential system is characterized by the fusion of the roles of Head of State and Head of Government in a single person, the president.

22. The final version of a bill passed by the legislature and assented to by the head of the executive is called a/an

1. Decree
2. Act
3. Edict
4. Law

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Correct Answer: B. Act

Explanation:
An Act is a statute or law formally passed by a legislature. The term "decree" is associated with military rule.

23. Which of the following is not a source of a country's constitution?

1. Acts of Parliament
2. Judicial Precedents
3. Election results
4. Customs and Conventions

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Correct Answer: C. Election results

Explanation:
While elections are a part of the political process, the results themselves do not form a source of the constitution. A constitution's sources include statutes, judicial decisions, and traditional practices.

24. In a two-party system, the main advantage is that it promotes

1. political stability.
2. a wide range of choices.
3. many parties in government.
4. endless political debates.

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Correct Answer: A. political stability.

Explanation:
A two-party system is often more stable because one of the two major parties is likely to gain a majority and form a government, avoiding the need for unstable coalitions.

25. The concept of a welfare state means that the government provides a minimum standard of living for its citizens through

1. military force.
2. social services and economic planning.
3. private charities.
4. foreign aid.

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Correct Answer: B. social services and economic planning.

Explanation:
A welfare state is a government that assumes responsibility for the welfare of its citizens, providing services like healthcare, education, and social security.

26. The first Nigerian to be appointed Governor-General was

1. Abubakar Tafawa Balewa
2. Nnamdi Azikiwe
3. Obafemi Awolowo
4. Sani Abacha

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Correct Answer: B. Nnamdi Azikiwe

Explanation:
Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe became the first indigenous Governor-General in 1960 and later the first President in 1963.

27. What is the main role of a pressure group?

1. To win elections.
2. To form a government.
3. To influence government policy.
4. To enforce laws.

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Correct Answer: C. To influence government policy.

Explanation:
Pressure groups exist to influence political decisions and government policies to benefit their specific interests or cause. They do not seek to form a government themselves.

28. The process of counting the total population of a country is called a

1. referendum.
2. census.
3. plebiscite.
4. demography.

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Correct Answer: B. census.

Explanation:
A census is an official survey of a population, which is used for various purposes, including electoral planning and resource allocation.

29. In Nigeria, local governments are managed by the

1. Federal Government.
2. State Governors.
3. Local Government Council.
4. Military.

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Correct Answer: C. Local Government Council.

Explanation:
Local governments are run by their own elected councils, although state and federal governments often exert control over their finances and operations.

30. The main function of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is

1. military intervention.
2. economic and political integration.
3. cultural exchange.
4. forming a common army.

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Correct Answer: B. economic and political integration.

Explanation:
The primary goal of ECOWAS is to promote economic integration among its members to create a single regional trading bloc. It also fosters political cooperation.

31. What is a major disadvantage of a multi-party system?

1. It gives voters a wider choice.
2. It can lead to political instability.
3. It promotes political stability.
4. It discourages coalitions.

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Correct Answer: B. It can lead to political instability.

Explanation:
In a multi-party system, it is often difficult for a single party to win a clear majority, leading to the formation of unstable coalition governments that can easily collapse.

32. The rule of law means that

1. only the president can make laws.
2. the military is above the law.
3. all persons are equal before the law.
4. the legislature is the most powerful.

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Correct Answer: C. all persons are equal before the law.

Explanation:
The rule of law is a legal principle that ensures no one is above the law. It demands that laws are applied fairly and equally to all individuals and institutions.

33. The system of government in which power is concentrated in the hands of a few wealthy individuals is called

1. Democracy
2. Aristocracy
3. Oligarchy
4. Monarchy

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Correct Answer: C. Oligarchy

Explanation:
An oligarchy is a form of power structure in which power rests with a small number of people. This can be based on wealth, nobility, or military control. In this case, "oligarchy" is the best fit.

34. The first military coup in Nigeria was led by

1. General Yakubu Gowon
2. Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu
3. General Murtala Muhammed
4. General Ibrahim Babangida

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Correct Answer: B. Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu

Explanation:
The first military coup in Nigeria on January 15, 1966, was led by Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu and other army majors.

35. The main function of an independent electoral commission is to

1. influence voters.
2. ensure free and fair elections.
3. support the ruling party.
4. manipulate election results.

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Correct Answer: B. ensure free and fair elections.

Explanation:
The independence of an electoral commission is crucial for conducting elections without bias or interference, thereby building public confidence in the democratic process.

36. The practice of electing representatives to make laws and govern on behalf of the people is called

1. Direct democracy
2. Representative democracy
3. Aristocracy
4. Autocracy

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Correct Answer: B. Representative democracy

Explanation:
In a representative democracy, citizens elect officials to represent them in government. This is the most common form of democracy in large states, as direct democracy is impractical for large populations.

37. The main function of the legislature is to

1. implement government policies.
2. enforce laws.
3. interpret laws.
4. make laws.

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Correct Answer: D. make laws.

Explanation:
The legislature, which is the law-making body of a state, has the primary function of deliberating on and passing bills into law. This is its central role in a democracy.

38. A constitution that is contained in a single document is a

1. flexible constitution.
2. written constitution.
3. unwritten constitution.
4. rigid constitution.

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Correct Answer: B. written constitution.

Explanation:
A written constitution is a single legal document that codifies the fundamental laws of a country. Most countries, including Nigeria, have a written constitution.

39. The military's involvement in Nigerian politics from 1966 to 1979 was characterized by

1. multi-party politics.
2. the use of decrees.
3. parliamentary democracy.
4. a weak central government.

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Correct Answer: B. the use of decrees.

Explanation:
Military governments rule by decrees, which are laws issued by the Head of State without a legislative process. This was a key feature of military rule in Nigeria.

40. The first Nigerian to be appointed Minister of Finance was

1. Chief Obafemi Awolowo
2. Sir Ahmadu Bello
3. Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe
4. Chief Festus Okotie-Eboh

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Correct Answer: D. Chief Festus Okotie-Eboh

Explanation:
Chief Festus Okotie-Eboh served as Nigeria's first Minister of Finance under the First Republic and played a significant role in the country's economic policy.

41. What is the main aim of the United Nations Organization (UNO)?

1. To promote international peace and security.
2. To manage global economic policies.
3. To establish a world government.
4. To regulate international trade.

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Correct Answer: A. To promote international peace and security.

Explanation:
The primary purpose of the UN, as stated in its charter, is to maintain international peace and security, to prevent aggression, and to resolve conflicts among nations.

42. The Nigerian political system under the 1999 Constitution is a

1. parliamentary system.
2. presidential system.
3. unitary system.
4. confederal system.

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Correct Answer: B. presidential system.

Explanation:
The 1999 Constitution established Nigeria as a republic with a presidential system, where the president is both the head of state and the head of government.

43. The system of government where the legislative and executive powers are fused is the

1. presidential system.
2. parliamentary system.
3. federal system.
4. unitary system.

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Correct Answer: B. parliamentary system.

Explanation:
In a parliamentary system, the executive (Prime Minister and cabinet) are chosen from and are accountable to the legislature, creating a fusion of the two branches.

44. What is the main role of a political party's manifesto?

1. To list all the party members.
2. To outline the party's programs and policies.
3. To serve as the party's constitution.
4. To secure funding for the party.

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Correct Answer: B. To outline the party's programs and policies.

Explanation:
A party's manifesto is a public declaration of its principles, intentions, and political goals. It is used to present a detailed program to the electorate during a campaign.

45. The concept of judicial review allows the judiciary to

1. overturn a presidential veto.
2. impeach a government official.
3. declare a law unconstitutional.
4. pass a vote of no confidence.

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Correct Answer: C. declare a law unconstitutional.

Explanation:
Judicial review is the power of the courts to assess whether a law, a government action, or an official's conduct is consistent with the constitution. If not, the law or action can be declared null and void.

46. The first head of state of Nigeria as a republic was

1. Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa.
2. Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe.
3. General Yakubu Gowon.
4. General Olusegun Obasanjo.

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Correct Answer: B. Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe.

Explanation:
Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe became the first President of Nigeria when the country became a republic under the 1963 Constitution, replacing the Queen of England as Head of State.

47. Which of the following is a disadvantage of a federal system of government?

1. It promotes national unity.
2. It can lead to a duplication of services.
3. It accommodates diverse groups.
4. It is more stable than a unitary system.

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Correct Answer: B. It can lead to a duplication of services.

Explanation:
Because powers are shared between a central government and state governments, there can be an overlap and duplication of administrative services, which can be inefficient and more expensive to run.

48. The process by which a law is made is known as

1. Adjudication
2. Legislation
3. Administration
4. Enforcement

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Correct Answer: B. Legislation

Explanation:
Legislation is the process of creating or enacting a law. This is the primary function of a legislative body.

49. The first military head of state in Nigeria was

1. General Murtala Muhammed.
2. General Olusegun Obasanjo.
3. Major-General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi.
4. General Ibrahim Babangida.

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Correct Answer: C. Major-General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi.

Explanation:
Major-General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi took control of the government after the failed coup of January 1966, becoming Nigeria's first military head of state.

50. The principle of **checks and balances** is aimed at preventing

1. the judiciary from becoming too powerful.
2. the military from taking power.
3. the concentration of power in one arm of government.
4. the legislature from making laws.

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Correct Answer: C. the concentration of power in one arm of government.

Explanation:
The principle of checks and balances ensures that each arm of government can limit the power of the others, thereby preventing the abuse of power and ensuring a balance.

51. A major feature of the 1979 Nigerian Constitution was the introduction of the

1. parliamentary system.
2. bicameral legislature.
3. presidential system.
4. multi-party system.

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Correct Answer: C. presidential system.

Explanation:
The 1979 Constitution marked a departure from the parliamentary system of the First Republic and introduced the presidential system, modeled after the American one, for the Second Republic.

52. Which of the following is an example of an interest group?

1. Nigerian Labour Congress (NLC)
2. All Progressives Congress (APC)
3. People's Democratic Party (PDP)
4. All of the above

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Correct Answer: A. Nigerian Labour Congress (NLC)

Explanation:
The NLC is a trade union and an interest group that lobbies the government for the rights and interests of workers. APC and PDP are political parties.

53. The system of government in which citizens vote on every law and policy is called

1. Representative democracy
2. Direct democracy
3. Oligarchy
4. Totalitarianism

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Correct Answer: B. Direct democracy

Explanation:
In a direct democracy, citizens themselves participate directly in the decision-making process, unlike in a representative democracy where they elect others to act on their behalf.

54. The first Nigerian military ruler to hand over power to a civilian government was

1. General Yakubu Gowon.
2. General Murtala Muhammed.
3. General Olusegun Obasanjo.
4. General Muhammadu Buhari.

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Correct Answer: C. General Olusegun Obasanjo.

Explanation:
General Olusegun Obasanjo, as military Head of State, handed over power to a democratically elected civilian government led by Shehu Shagari in 1979.

55. A country with an unwritten constitution can be said to have a constitution that is

1. found in multiple documents and traditions.
2. non-existent.
3. easy to change.
4. not based on the rule of law.

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Correct Answer: A. found in multiple documents and traditions.

Explanation:
An unwritten constitution, such as the one in the UK, is not a single document but a collection of various laws, conventions, judicial decisions, and historical documents that define the country's political system.

56. The main function of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is to promote

1. a common military force.
2. economic integration and cooperation.
3. political control of member states.
4. cultural exchange.

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Correct Answer: B. economic integration and cooperation.

Explanation:
The primary goal of ECOWAS is to foster economic and political cooperation among its members to create a single, large trading bloc.

57. The principle of accountability means that government officials are

1. not responsible for their actions.
2. responsible to the electorate for their actions.
3. only accountable to the president.
4. immune from legal action.

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Correct Answer: B. responsible to the electorate for their actions.

Explanation:
Accountability is a fundamental principle of good governance, which holds that government officials and institutions are responsible for their decisions and actions and must be answerable to the public.

58. What is the main advantage of a federal system of government?

1. It is easy to run.
2. It promotes uniform laws and policies.
3. It accommodates diverse groups and interests.
4. It is cheaper to operate.

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Correct Answer: C. It accommodates diverse groups and interests.

Explanation:
Federalism is particularly suited for large, diverse countries because it allows for a division of power between the central government and regional governments, enabling different groups to manage their own affairs while still being part of a single country.

59. The military in Nigerian politics has been viewed as a guardian of

1. democracy
2. rule of law
3. national unity
4. parliamentary system

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Correct Answer: C. national unity

Explanation:
The military often justified its intervention in politics by claiming to be a non-partisan force that stepped in to restore national unity and stability when civilian governments failed.

60. The main organ of the United Nations responsible for maintaining international peace and security is the

1. General Assembly
2. Security Council
3. International Court of Justice
4. ECOSOC

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Correct Answer: B. Security Council

Explanation:
The UN Security Council is the principal organ of the United Nations charged with ensuring international peace and security. It has the power to impose sanctions and authorize military action to maintain peace.

61. The term for a constitution that can be amended by a simple majority vote of the legislature is a

1. Rigid constitution
2. Flexible constitution
3. Written constitution
4. Unwritten constitution

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Correct Answer: B. Flexible constitution

Explanation:
A flexible constitution is one that can be easily amended through the same process used for ordinary legislation. In contrast, a rigid constitution requires a special, more difficult procedure for amendment.

62. The final version of a bill passed by the legislature is called an

1. Act
2. Decree
3. Edict
4. Ordinance

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Correct Answer: A. Act

Explanation:
In a democratic system, a bill becomes an Act of Parliament (or of the National Assembly) after it has been passed by the legislature and signed into law by the head of the executive.

63. Which of the following is a function of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC)?

1. To register political parties
2. To prosecute electoral offenders
3. To conduct elections
4. All of the above

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Correct Answer: D. All of the above

Explanation:
INEC is responsible for a wide range of electoral duties, including the registration and monitoring of political parties, the conduct of elections, and the prosecution of individuals who violate electoral laws.

64. A system where the head of state is a monarch, but a prime minister heads the government, is a

1. Presidential system
2. Unitary system
3. Parliamentary system
4. Monarchy

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Correct Answer: C. Parliamentary system

Explanation:
In a parliamentary system, there is a clear distinction between the ceremonial head of state (who may be a monarch or an elected president) and the head of government (the Prime Minister).

65. The process of becoming a citizen of a country is known as

1. Naturalization
2. Indigenization
3. Acculturation
4. Emancipation

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Correct Answer: A. Naturalization

Explanation:
Naturalization is the legal process by which a non-citizen or national of a country may acquire citizenship or nationality of that country. It typically involves fulfilling a set of requirements, such as a period of residence.

66. The main purpose of the OAU (Organisation of African Unity) was to promote

1. economic integration.
2. military intervention in member states.
3. political and social cooperation.
4. the recolonization of Africa.

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Correct Answer: C. political and social cooperation.

Explanation:
The OAU, founded in 1963, focused on promoting unity and solidarity among African states, coordinating cooperation, and defending their sovereignty, which led to political and social cooperation.

67. The most common form of political participation is

1. voting.
2. staging a protest.
3. running for political office.
4. campaigning for a candidate.

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Correct Answer: A. voting.

Explanation:
Casting a vote in an election is the most basic and widespread form of political participation in a democracy. It allows citizens to choose their representatives and influence who holds power.

68. The first Nigerian leader to hold the title of President was

1. Tafawa Balewa
2. Nnamdi Azikiwe
3. Obafemi Awolowo
4. Shehu Shagari

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Correct Answer: B. Nnamdi Azikiwe

Explanation:
Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe became Nigeria's first President when the country became a republic under the 1963 Constitution.

69. A major feature of the Macpherson Constitution of 1951 was the

1. introduction of regional governments.
2. creation of a bicameral legislature at the center.
3. granting of independence to Nigeria.
4. abolition of the elective principle.

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Correct Answer: A. introduction of regional governments.

Explanation:
The Macpherson Constitution established a quasi-federal system by creating regional legislatures and granting them significant powers, thus laying the groundwork for Nigeria's federal structure.

70. A country with a constitution that is not codified in a single document is said to have a

1. Flexible constitution
2. Rigid constitution
3. Unwritten constitution
4. Written constitution

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Correct Answer: C. Unwritten constitution

Explanation:
An unwritten constitution, like that of the United Kingdom, is a collection of laws, conventions, judicial decisions, and customs that are not contained in a single legal document.

71. The main function of the civil service is

1. law-making.
2. policy formulation.
3. policy implementation.
4. adjudication.

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Correct Answer: C. policy implementation.

Explanation:
While civil servants may assist in policy formulation, their primary role is the day-to-day administration of government and the implementation of policies and laws enacted by the legislature and executive.

72. Which of the following is not a type of constitution?

1. Written constitution
2. Unwritten constitution
3. Federal constitution
4. Unitary constitution

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Correct Answer: C. Federal constitution

Explanation:
Federalism describes a **system** of government, not a **type** of constitution in terms of its form (written or unwritten). A federal constitution is a type of written constitution, but "federal constitution" is not a primary type on its own.

73. The process of counting the population for political purposes is known as

1. Demography
2. Census
3. Electoral registration
4. Enumeration

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Correct Answer: B. Census

Explanation:
A census is an official count or survey of a population, which is used for various purposes, including determining the number of electoral districts and the allocation of resources.

74. The main advantage of a rigid constitution is that it promotes

1. flexibility.
2. government stability.
3. democratic rule.
4. judicial review.

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Correct Answer: B. government stability.

Explanation:
A rigid constitution is difficult to change, which makes the government and political system more stable and predictable. This prevents a government from making quick, self-serving amendments to the fundamental laws.

75. Which of the following is a feature of a **written** constitution?

1. It is an easy source of political information.
2. It is flexible to amend.
3. It is often a result of historical evolution.
4. It is not subject to judicial review.

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Correct Answer: A. It is an easy source of political information.

Explanation:
A written constitution is contained in a single, codified document, making it easy to reference and understand the country's fundamental laws. This is in contrast to an unwritten constitution, which is found in multiple sources.

76. The practice of electing representatives to make laws and govern on behalf of the people is called

1. Direct democracy
2. Representative democracy
3. Unitary democracy
4. Constitutionalism

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Correct Answer: B. Representative democracy

Explanation:
In a representative democracy, citizens do not govern directly but elect representatives to legislate and administer the country on their behalf. This is the most common form of democracy today.

77. The first head of state of Nigeria as an independent country was

1. Abubakar Tafawa Balewa
2. Nnamdi Azikiwe
3. Queen Elizabeth II
4. Lord Lugard

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Correct Answer: C. Queen Elizabeth II

Explanation:
At independence in 1960, Nigeria was a constitutional monarchy. Queen Elizabeth II was the Head of State, and she was represented in Nigeria by the Governor-General, Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe.

78. Which of the following is a function of the legislature?

1. Making laws
2. Enforcing laws
3. Interpreting laws
4. Executing government policies

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Correct Answer: A. Making laws

Explanation:
The Legislature's primary function is law-making. Enforcing laws is the role of the Executive (B), and interpreting laws is the role of the Judiciary (C).

79. What is the main purpose of a coalition government?

1. To enforce a one-party rule
2. To accommodate multiple parties in government
3. To conduct an election
4. To oppose the government in power

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Correct Answer: B. To accommodate multiple parties in government

Explanation:
A coalition government is a form of government in which political parties cooperate to form a government, usually because no single party has gained a clear majority after an election.

80. The first Nigerian civil leader to assume power after the end of military rule in 1999 was

1. Sani Abacha
2. Olusegun Obasanjo
3. Umaru Yar'Adua
4. Goodluck Jonathan

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Correct Answer: B. Olusegun Obasanjo

Explanation:
Chief Olusegun Obasanjo was elected president and inaugurated on May 29, 1999, which marked the return of democratic civilian rule after years of military government.

81. The system of government where power is shared between the central government and other constituent units is called

1. Unitary system
2. Federal system
3. Confederal system
4. Parliamentary system

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Correct Answer: B. Federal system

Explanation:
Federalism is a system in which power is constitutionally divided between a central government and regional governments, with each level having a sphere of influence over which it is autonomous.

82. The main purpose of the ECOWAS treaty is to promote

1. military defense.
2. political control of member states.
3. economic integration and cooperation.
4. cultural exchange.

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Correct Answer: C. economic integration and cooperation.

Explanation:
The main goal of ECOWAS is to foster economic and political cooperation among its members to create a single, large trading bloc.

83. The principle of accountability in government is best defined as

1. the ability to influence others.
2. the responsibility to justify one's actions.
3. the power to make laws.
4. the freedom from public scrutiny.

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Correct Answer: B. the responsibility to justify one's actions.

Explanation:
Accountability requires that government officials are held responsible for their decisions and actions and must provide justification for them to the public or to other branches of government.

84. An electoral system that allocates seats in a legislature based on the percentage of votes received by each party is called

1. Simple majority system
2. Absolute majority system
3. Proportional representation
4. First-past-the-post

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Correct Answer: C. Proportional representation

Explanation:
In a proportional representation system, the number of seats a party wins in a legislature is directly proportional to the total number of votes it receives nationally or in a large constituency.

85. Which of these is a disadvantage of a federal system of government?

1. It promotes unity in diversity.
2. It can lead to conflicts between different levels of government.
3. It is more stable than a unitary system.
4. It is less expensive to run.

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Correct Answer: B. It can lead to conflicts between different levels of government.

Explanation:
The division of powers in a federal system can create jurisdictional conflicts and rivalry between the central government and the state governments, leading to political instability.

86. The process by which the legislature removes an official from office for misconduct is known as

1. Recall
2. Vote of no confidence
3. Impeachment
4. Referendum

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Correct Answer: C. Impeachment

Explanation:
Impeachment is a formal legislative process for a government body to charge a high-ranking official with misconduct. It is the constitutional method for removing a president or governor from office.

87. In a parliamentary system, the head of government is the

1. President
2. Prime Minister
3. Monarch
4. Speaker

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Correct Answer: B. Prime Minister

Explanation:
The Prime Minister is the chief executive and head of government in a parliamentary system, while the President or Monarch is typically the ceremonial head of state.

88. The first military head of state in Nigeria was

1. General Yakubu Gowon
2. General Olusegun Obasanjo
3. Major-General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi
4. General Murtala Muhammed

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Correct Answer: C. Major-General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi

Explanation:
After the first coup in January 1966, Major-General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi assumed power, becoming Nigeria's first military head of state.

89. A government is said to be constitutional when its powers are

1. exercised by the military.
2. unlimited.
3. defined and limited by a constitution.
4. based on the will of the ruler.

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Correct Answer: C. defined and limited by a constitution.

Explanation:
A constitutional government is one that operates within the framework of a constitution, which establishes a set of rules that define and limit the government's powers.

90. The main function of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) is to

1. prosecute war criminals.
2. settle legal disputes between states.
3. provide military aid.
4. enforce international laws.

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Correct Answer: B. settle legal disputes between states.

Explanation:
The ICJ is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. Its role is to settle legal disputes submitted to it by states and to give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized UN organs and specialized agencies.