SSS One Government Objective Questions

SSS One Government Objective Questions (90-Question Set)

1. The term 'government' can be defined as

1. the executive arm of a state.
2. the group of people who make and enforce laws.
3. the judicial arm of a state.
4. the territory and people of a country.

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Correct Answer: B. the group of people who make and enforce laws.

Explanation:
Government refers to the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. It is the body that exercises political authority and power.

2. A state is different from a nation because a state

1. has a defined territory and government.
2. is a group of people with a common culture.
3. does not require sovereignty.
4. is a political party.

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Correct Answer: A. has a defined territory and government.

Explanation:
A state is a political entity with a defined territory, a government, and sovereignty. A nation is a group of people who share a common identity, culture, language, or descent, but may not have their own state.

3. The process of acquiring citizenship in a country where one was not born is known as

1. naturalization.
2. indigenization.
3. acculturation.
4. emancipation.

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Correct Answer: A. naturalization.

Explanation:
Naturalization is the legal process by which a non-citizen of a country acquires the citizenship or nationality of that country.

4. The main function of the judiciary is to

1. make laws.
2. enforce laws.
3. interpret laws.
4. administer the civil service.

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Correct Answer: C. interpret laws.

Explanation:
The judiciary's primary role is to interpret the laws of the land and the constitution and to administer justice in legal disputes.

5. A political ideology that advocates for a classless society and common ownership of the means of production is known as

1. Capitalism
2. Socialism
3. Communism
4. Fascism

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Correct Answer: C. Communism

Explanation:
Communism is a political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating for a society where all property is publicly owned and each person is paid according to their needs and abilities, leading to a classless society.

6. A rigid constitution is one that

1. cannot be changed at all.
2. is easily amended by a simple majority vote.
3. is difficult to amend, requiring a special procedure.
4. is found in an unwritten format.

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Correct Answer: C. is difficult to amend, requiring a special procedure.

Explanation:
A rigid constitution requires a special, more difficult procedure for amendment than that for ordinary legislation. This makes the fundamental laws more stable and less susceptible to political whims.

7. The principle of checks and balances is aimed at preventing

1. the judiciary from becoming too powerful.
2. the military from taking power.
3. the concentration of power in one arm of government.
4. the legislature from making laws.

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Correct Answer: C. the concentration of power in one arm of government.

Explanation:
The principle of checks and balances ensures that each arm of government can limit the power of the others, thereby preventing the abuse of power and ensuring a balance.

8. The main function of the mass media in a democratic society is to

1. support the government in power.
2. inform the public and serve as a watchdog.
3. promote political party ideologies.
4. suppress opposition views.

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Correct Answer: B. inform the public and serve as a watchdog.

Explanation:
A free and independent media is crucial for a democracy. Its role is to inform the public, hold the government accountable (the "watchdog" role), and provide a platform for different views to be heard.

9. The rule of law means that

1. only the president can make laws.
2. the military is above the law.
3. all persons are equal before the law.
4. the legislature is the most powerful.

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Correct Answer: C. all persons are equal before the law.

Explanation:
The rule of law is a legal principle that states no one is above the law. It demands that laws are applied fairly and equally to all individuals and institutions, including government officials.

10. A country is a republic when its Head of State is

1. a King or Queen.
2. an emperor.
3. a president.
4. a prime minister.

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Correct Answer: C. a president.

Explanation:
A republic is a state in which the head of state is a president or an elected or appointed person, and not a monarch.

11. Which of the following is not a feature of a totalitarian system?

1. One-party rule
2. Freedom of speech
3. Censorship of the media
4. State control of the economy

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Correct Answer: B. Freedom of speech

Explanation:
Totalitarianism is a form of government where the state exercises absolute control over public and private life. This includes suppressing dissent and restricting freedom of speech to maintain power.

12. The main function of the Legislature is to

1. implement government policies.
2. enforce laws.
3. interpret laws.
4. make laws.

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Correct Answer: D. make laws.

Explanation:
The legislature, which is the law-making body of a state, has the primary function of deliberating on and passing bills into law. This is its central role in a democracy.

13. The system of government in which power is concentrated in the hands of a single ruler is called

1. Oligarchy
2. Democracy
3. Autocracy
4. Aristocracy

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Correct Answer: C. Autocracy

Explanation:
An autocracy is a system of government in which one person has absolute power. It is a form of dictatorship.

14. In a presidential system, the president is both the Head of State and

1. Head of the Judiciary
2. Head of the Parliament
3. Head of Government
4. Head of the Civil Service

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Correct Answer: C. Head of Government

Explanation:
The presidential system is characterized by the fusion of the roles of Head of State (the ceremonial head of the country) and Head of Government (the political leader of the government) in a single person, the president.

15. A constitution that is contained in a single document is a

1. flexible constitution.
2. written constitution.
3. unwritten constitution.
4. rigid constitution.

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Correct Answer: B. written constitution.

Explanation:
A written constitution is a single legal document that codifies the fundamental laws of a country. Most countries, including Nigeria, have a written constitution.

16. The principle of judicial independence guarantees that the judiciary can

1. make laws without the legislature.
2. conduct its duties without fear or favour.
3. be a member of a political party.
4. receive salaries from the executive.

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Correct Answer: B. conduct its duties without fear or favour.

Explanation:
Judicial independence ensures that judges and the court system are impartial and are not subject to improper influence from other branches of government or private interests.

17. A major feature of a political party is that it must have a

1. well-defined manifesto.
2. single, charismatic leader.
3. small, exclusive membership.
4. military wing.

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Correct Answer: A. well-defined manifesto.

Explanation:
A political party's manifesto outlines its political ideology, policies, and programs, serving as a guide for its members and a promise to the electorate.

18. Which of the following is an example of an interest group?

1. Nigerian Labour Congress (NLC)
2. All Progressives Congress (APC)
3. People's Democratic Party (PDP)
4. All of the above

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Correct Answer: A. Nigerian Labour Congress (NLC)

Explanation:
The NLC is a trade union and an interest group that lobbies the government for the rights and interests of workers. APC and PDP are political parties.

19. A government that is not based on a constitution is known as

1. a constitutional government.
2. an arbitrary government.
3. a democratic government.
4. a military government.

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Correct Answer: B. an arbitrary government.

Explanation:
An arbitrary government is a government whose decisions are not limited by law or constitution, but rather by the will or whim of the ruler or ruling group.

20. What is the main role of a pressure group?

1. To win elections.
2. To form a government.
3. To influence government policy.
4. To enforce laws.

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Correct Answer: C. To influence government policy.

Explanation:
Pressure groups exist to influence political decisions and government policies to benefit their specific interests or cause. They do not seek to form a government themselves.

21. The system of government in which power is concentrated in the hands of a few wealthy individuals is called

1. Democracy
2. Aristocracy
3. Oligarchy
4. Monarchy

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Correct Answer: C. Oligarchy

Explanation:
An oligarchy is a form of power structure in which power rests with a small number of people. This can be based on wealth, nobility, or military control. In this case, "oligarchy" is the best fit.

22. The two main types of citizenship are

1. citizenship by birth and by naturalization.
2. citizenship by birth and by indigenization.
3. citizenship by birth and by registration.
4. citizenship by birth and by emancipation.

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Correct Answer: A. citizenship by birth and by naturalization.

Explanation:
Citizenship can be acquired at birth (jus soli - by soil/place of birth or jus sanguinis - by blood/parentage) or later in life through a legal process (naturalization).

23. A major feature of a multi-party system is that it can lead to

1. political stability.
2. coalition governments.
3. a one-party state.
4. a dictatorship.

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Correct Answer: B. coalition governments.

Explanation:
In a multi-party system, it is often difficult for a single party to win a clear majority, leading to the formation of coalition governments where multiple parties cooperate to form a government.

24. The main function of the Executive arm of government is to

1. make laws.
2. interpret laws.
3. enforce and execute laws.
4. check the legislature.

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Correct Answer: C. enforce and execute laws.

Explanation:
The executive arm, which includes the President, ministers, and civil service, is responsible for the day-to-day administration of the state and the implementation of laws and policies.

25. The main purpose of a constitution is to

1. ensure the ruler has absolute power.
2. give power to the military.
3. limit the power of government.
4. promote a specific religion.

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Correct Answer: C. limit the power of government.

Explanation:
A constitution defines the fundamental laws of a state and, crucially, establishes limits on the powers of the government to prevent abuse of authority and protect individual rights.

26. The concept of sovereignty refers to the state's

1. military power.
2. economic wealth.
3. supreme and ultimate authority.
4. cultural heritage.

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Correct Answer: C. supreme and ultimate authority.

Explanation:
Sovereignty is the supreme power or authority of a state to govern itself or another state. It means the state is independent and can make its own decisions without external interference.

27. A major disadvantage of a unitary system of government is that it can lead to

1. national disunity.
2. a duplication of services.
3. the neglect of local interests.
4. political stability.

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Correct Answer: C. the neglect of local interests.

Explanation:
In a unitary system, power is concentrated at the center. This can lead to the central government overlooking the specific needs and interests of local communities and regions.

28. The process of removing an elected official by popular vote is known as

1. impeachment
2. recall
3. referendum
4. plebiscite

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Correct Answer: B. recall

Explanation:
A recall is a procedure by which citizens can remove an elected official from office before the expiration of their term through a direct popular vote. Impeachment is a legislative process.

29. In a two-party system, the main advantage is that it promotes

1. political stability.
2. a wide range of choices.
3. many parties in government.
4. endless political debates.

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Correct Answer: A. political stability.

Explanation:
A two-party system is often more stable because one of the two major parties is likely to gain a majority and form a government, avoiding the need for unstable coalitions.

30. The civil service in a democratic state is expected to be

1. partisan and loyal to the ruling party.
2. politically neutral and professional.
3. an extension of the military.
4. able to contest in elections.

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Correct Answer: B. politically neutral and professional.

Explanation:
The civil service is the permanent body of public servants that administers the country. It is expected to serve the government of the day impartially, regardless of which political party is in power.

31. What is the main aim of a constitutional government?

1. To establish military rule.
2. To limit the power of government.
3. To create a one-party state.
4. To promote a specific ideology.

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Correct Answer: B. To limit the power of government.

Explanation:
The central purpose of a constitutional government is to ensure that the power of the rulers is defined and limited by a constitution, preventing them from acting arbitrarily.

32. Which of the following is not a feature of a federal system of government?

1. Division of power between central and regional governments.
2. A single, unified legal system.
3. A rigid constitution.
4. A bicameral legislature.

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Correct Answer: B. A single, unified legal system.

Explanation:
A federal system typically has two distinct legal systems: a federal one and state ones, which can lead to variations in law and justice between regions. A unitary system has a single, unified legal system.

33. The system of government where the legislative and executive powers are fused is the

1. presidential system.
2. parliamentary system.
3. federal system.
4. unitary system.

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Correct Answer: B. parliamentary system.

Explanation:
In a parliamentary system, the executive (Prime Minister and cabinet) are chosen from and are accountable to the legislature, creating a fusion of the two branches.

34. The main function of an independent electoral commission is to

1. influence voters.
2. ensure free and fair elections.
3. support the ruling party.
4. manipulate election results.

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Correct Answer: B. ensure free and fair elections.

Explanation:
The independence of an electoral commission is crucial for conducting elections without bias or interference, thereby building public confidence in the democratic process.

35. Which of the following is a disadvantage of a multi-party system?

1. It gives voters a wider choice.
2. It can lead to political instability.
3. It promotes political stability.
4. It discourages coalitions.

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Correct Answer: B. It can lead to political instability.

Explanation:
In a multi-party system, it is often difficult for a single party to win a clear majority, leading to the formation of unstable coalition governments that can easily collapse.

36. The practice of electing representatives to make laws and govern on behalf of the people is called

1. Direct democracy
2. Representative democracy
3. Aristocracy
4. Autocracy

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Correct Answer: B. Representative democracy

Explanation:
In a representative democracy, citizens elect officials to represent them in government. This is the most common form of democracy in large states, as direct democracy is impractical for large populations.

37. The most common form of political participation is

1. voting.
2. staging a protest.
3. running for political office.
4. campaigning for a candidate.

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Correct Answer: A. voting.

Explanation:
Casting a vote in an election is the most basic and widespread form of political participation in a democracy. It allows citizens to choose their representatives and influence who holds power.

38. A government that is run by a small group of nobles or the wealthy is known as a(n)

1. Monarchy
2. Theocracy
3. Oligarchy
4. Aristocracy

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Correct Answer: D. Aristocracy

Explanation:
An aristocracy is a form of government where power is held by a small, privileged, ruling class, often based on hereditary titles or land ownership. Oligarchy is a broader term that includes rule by the wealthy (plutocracy).

39. Which of the following is not an organ of government?

1. The Legislature
2. The Executive
3. The Judiciary
4. The Civil Service

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Correct Answer: D. The Civil Service

Explanation:
The civil service is a permanent body of public servants that assists the executive arm in implementing policies. The three main organs of government are the Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary.

40. The process by which the legislature removes a public official from office for misconduct is known as

1. recall
2. impeachment
3. referendum
4. plebiscite

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Correct Answer: B. impeachment

Explanation:
Impeachment is a formal legislative process for a government body to charge a high-ranking official with misconduct. It is a key tool in the system of checks and balances.

41. The term for a constitution that is not contained in a single document but is a collection of laws, customs, and conventions is

1. a written constitution.
2. an unwritten constitution.
3. a rigid constitution.
4. a flexible constitution.

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Correct Answer: B. an unwritten constitution.

Explanation:
An unwritten constitution is a collection of various laws, judicial decisions, traditions, and political practices that together define the state's fundamental laws, as seen in the United Kingdom.

42. The main source of power in a democracy is the

1. military.
2. monarch.
3. people.
4. legislature.

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Correct Answer: C. people.

Explanation:
Democracy, derived from the Greek words "demos" (people) and "kratos" (rule), is a system of government where power is vested in the people, who exercise it either directly or through elected representatives.

43. The system of government in which citizens vote on every law and policy is called

1. Representative democracy
2. Direct democracy
3. Oligarchy
4. Totalitarianism

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Correct Answer: B. Direct democracy

Explanation:
In a direct democracy, citizens themselves participate directly in the decision-making process, unlike in a representative democracy where they elect others to act on their behalf.

44. The process by which political values and beliefs are transmitted from one generation to another is known as

1. political socialization.
2. political culture.
3. political acculturation.
4. political participation.

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Correct Answer: A. political socialization.

Explanation:
Political socialization is the process through which individuals acquire their political beliefs, attitudes, and values. It is a crucial process for maintaining the political system from one generation to the next.

45. The principle of accountability means that government officials are

1. not responsible for their actions.
2. responsible to the electorate for their actions.
3. only accountable to the president.
4. immune from legal action.

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Correct Answer: B. responsible to the electorate for their actions.

Explanation:
Accountability is a fundamental principle of good governance, which holds that government officials and institutions are responsible for their decisions and actions and must be answerable to the public.

46. The system of government where power is shared between the central government and other constituent units is called

1. Unitary system
2. Federal system
3. Confederal system
4. Parliamentary system

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Correct Answer: B. Federal system

Explanation:
Federalism is a system in which power is constitutionally divided between a central government and regional governments, with each level having a sphere of influence over which it is autonomous.

47. Which of the following is a disadvantage of a federal system of government?

1. It promotes national unity.
2. It can lead to a duplication of services.
3. It accommodates diverse groups.
4. It is more stable than a unitary system.

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Correct Answer: B. It can lead to a duplication of services.

Explanation:
Because powers are shared between a central government and state governments, there can be an overlap and duplication of administrative services, which can be inefficient and more expensive to run.

48. What is the main purpose of a coalition government?

1. To enforce a one-party rule
2. To accommodate multiple parties in government
3. To conduct an election
4. To oppose the government in power

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Correct Answer: B. To accommodate multiple parties in government

Explanation:
A coalition government is a form of government in which political parties cooperate to form a government, usually because no single party has gained a clear majority after an election.

49. The system of government in which a country is ruled by religious leaders is called

1. democracy.
2. theocracy.
3. aristocracy.
4. dictatorship.

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Correct Answer: B. theocracy.

Explanation:
A theocracy is a government ruled by religious authority, where laws are based on religious doctrines. The rulers are often regarded as divinely guided.

50. A country with an unwritten constitution can be said to have a constitution that is

1. found in multiple documents and traditions.
2. non-existent.
3. easy to change.
4. not based on the rule of law.

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Correct Answer: A. found in multiple documents and traditions.

Explanation:
An unwritten constitution, such as the one in the UK, is not a single document but a collection of various laws, conventions, judicial decisions, and historical documents that define the country's political system.

51. In a parliamentary system, the head of government is the

1. President
2. Prime Minister
3. Monarch
4. Speaker

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Correct Answer: B. Prime Minister

Explanation:
The Prime Minister is the chief executive and head of government in a parliamentary system, while the President or Monarch is typically the ceremonial head of state.

52. Which of the following is a political right of a citizen?

1. Right to education
2. Right to vote
3. Right to own property
4. Right to freedom of movement

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Correct Answer: B. Right to vote

Explanation:
Political rights are rights that allow citizens to participate in the political process, such as the right to vote, to run for public office, and to join a political party.

53. The process by which the legislature removes an official from office for misconduct is known as

1. Recall
2. Vote of no confidence
3. Impeachment
4. Referendum

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Correct Answer: C. Impeachment

Explanation:
Impeachment is a formal legislative process for a government body to charge a high-ranking official with misconduct. It is the constitutional method for removing a president or governor from office.

54. The main function of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) is to

1. prosecute war criminals.
2. settle legal disputes between states.
3. provide military aid.
4. enforce international laws.

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Correct Answer: B. settle legal disputes between states.

Explanation:
The ICJ is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. Its role is to settle legal disputes submitted to it by states and to give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized UN organs and specialized agencies.

55. A government that is run by a king or queen is known as a

1. Republic
2. Monarchy
3. Theocracy
4. Dictatorship

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Correct Answer: B. Monarchy

Explanation:
A monarchy is a form of government where a monarch (king or queen) is the head of state, usually for life and by hereditary succession.

56. The body of unwritten laws, customs, and conventions in a constitution is known as

1. statutes.
2. conventions.
3. decrees.
4. edicts.

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Correct Answer: B. conventions.

Explanation:
Constitutional conventions are informal and uncodified procedural rules that are followed in a political system. They are a key part of an unwritten constitution.

57. The principle of separation of powers implies that there should be no overlapping of

1. functions of government.
2. political parties.
3. citizenship rights.
4. electoral procedures.

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Correct Answer: A. functions of government.

Explanation:
Separation of powers is a political doctrine that divides the government into three distinct branches—legislative, executive, and judicial—with each having separate powers and responsibilities to prevent power concentration.

58. What is the main purpose of a political manifesto?

1. To list all the party members.
2. To outline the party's programs and policies.
3. To serve as the party's constitution.
4. To secure funding for the party.

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Correct Answer: B. To outline the party's programs and policies.

Explanation:
A party's manifesto is a public declaration of its principles, intentions, and political goals. It is used to present a detailed program to the electorate during a campaign.

59. A government that is not limited by law or constitution is known as a(n)

1. democratic government.
2. constitutional government.
3. arbitrary government.
4. republic.

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Correct Answer: C. arbitrary government.

Explanation:
An arbitrary government is one where the ruler exercises power without legal or constitutional constraints. This is the opposite of a constitutional government.

60. The principle of popular sovereignty means that ultimate authority rests with the

1. military.
2. ruling party.
3. people.
4. judiciary.

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Correct Answer: C. people.

Explanation:
Popular sovereignty is the principle that the authority of a state is created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives, who are the source of all political power.

61. Which of the following is an example of a social right?

1. Right to vote.
2. Right to a fair trial.
3. Right to education.
4. Right to freedom of speech.

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Correct Answer: C. Right to education.

Explanation:
Social rights are rights related to an individual's welfare and social security, such as the right to education, healthcare, and adequate living standards.

62. The term 'nation-state' refers to a state where the majority of the population belongs to the same

1. political party.
2. nation or ethnic group.
3. religion.
4. social class.

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Correct Answer: B. nation or ethnic group.

Explanation:
A nation-state is a political unit where the boundaries of the state are the same as the boundaries of a single nation or ethnic group. It is a fusion of the concepts of state and nation.

63. The system of government in which a country is ruled by a dictator is a(n)

1. democracy.
2. theocracy.
3. monarchy.
4. autocracy.

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Correct Answer: D. autocracy.

Explanation:
An autocracy is a system of government where absolute power is held by a single person, a dictator, who is not limited by a constitution or laws.

64. A key difference between a state and a nation is that a state must have

1. a common language.
2. a common religion.
3. a government.
4. a single ethnic group.

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Correct Answer: C. a government.

Explanation:
A state is a political entity with a government, defined territory, and sovereignty. A nation is a group of people with a shared culture, which does not necessarily have its own government or territory.

65. The concept of political culture refers to a society's

1. dominant political party.
2. economic system.
3. attitudes, beliefs, and values about politics.
4. military history.

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Correct Answer: C. attitudes, beliefs, and values about politics.

Explanation:
Political culture is the set of attitudes, beliefs, and sentiments that give order and meaning to a political process and provide the underlying assumptions and rules that govern behavior in the political system.

66. A major advantage of a unitary system of government is that it promotes

1. diversity.
2. disunity.
3. national unity.
4. regional autonomy.

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Correct Answer: C. national unity.

Explanation:
In a unitary system, power is concentrated at the center, leading to a uniform set of laws and policies across the country, which can promote national cohesion and unity.

67. The term 'legitimacy' in government refers to the public's belief that the government's power is

1. illegal.
2. just and proper.
3. unlimited.
4. absolute.

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Correct Answer: B. just and proper.

Explanation:
Legitimacy is the popular acceptance of a government's authority to rule. It means that the citizens believe the government has the right to exercise power over them.

68. A de facto government is one that

1. is legally recognized.
2. has been democratically elected.
3. exists in fact but not by law.
4. is fully constitutional.

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Correct Answer: C. exists in fact but not by law.

Explanation:
A de facto government is one that holds power and exercises control over a territory but lacks formal legal recognition. This is in contrast to a de jure (by law) government.

69. The main function of public opinion in a democratic society is to

1. dictate government policy.
2. provide a means for citizens to influence the government.
3. allow the government to spy on citizens.
4. ensure the government is always popular.

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Correct Answer: B. provide a means for citizens to influence the government.

Explanation:
Public opinion, which is the collective opinion of a population on a political issue or person, serves as a crucial feedback mechanism in a democracy, allowing citizens to express their views and influence policy-making.

70. Which of the following is a feature of a written constitution?

1. It is an easy source of political information.
2. It is flexible to amend.
3. It is often a result of historical evolution.
4. It is not subject to judicial review.

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Correct Answer: A. It is an easy source of political information.

Explanation:
A written constitution is contained in a single, codified document, making it easy to reference and understand the country's fundamental laws. This is in contrast to an unwritten constitution, which is found in multiple sources.

71. The principle of judicial review allows the judiciary to

1. overturn a presidential veto.
2. impeach a government official.
3. declare a law unconstitutional.
4. pass a vote of no confidence.

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Correct Answer: C. declare a law unconstitutional.

Explanation:
Judicial review is the power of the courts to assess whether a law, a government action, or an official's conduct is consistent with the constitution. If not, the law or action can be declared null and void.

72. A federal system of government is best for a country with

1. a small population.
2. a single ethnic group.
3. diverse ethnic and cultural groups.
4. a weak economy.

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Correct Answer: C. diverse ethnic and cultural groups.

Explanation:
Federalism is particularly suited for large, diverse countries because it allows for a division of power between the central government and regional governments, enabling different groups to manage their own affairs while still being part of a single country.

73. The process of counting the population for political purposes is known as

1. Demography
2. Census
3. Electoral registration
4. Enumeration

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Correct Answer: B. Census

Explanation:
A census is an official count or survey of a population, which is used for various purposes, including determining the number of electoral districts and the allocation of resources.

74. The main advantage of a rigid constitution is that it promotes

1. flexibility.
2. government stability.
3. democratic rule.
4. judicial review.

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Correct Answer: B. government stability.

Explanation:
A rigid constitution is difficult to change, which makes the government and political system more stable and predictable. This prevents a government from making quick, self-serving amendments to the fundamental laws.

75. The concept of civic rights primarily deals with the rights of citizens in relation to

1. political participation.
2. social welfare.
3. the legal system.
4. economic activities.

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Correct Answer: C. the legal system.

Explanation:
Civic rights, also known as civil liberties or civil rights, are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from infringement by the government, social organizations, or private individuals. They include rights to a fair trial, freedom of speech, and protection from discrimination.

76. The practice of electing representatives to make laws and govern on behalf of the people is called

1. Direct democracy
2. Representative democracy
3. Unitary democracy
4. Constitutionalism

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Correct Answer: B. Representative democracy

Explanation:
In a representative democracy, citizens do not govern directly but elect representatives to legislate and administer the country on their behalf. This is the most common form of democracy today.

77. What is the most important factor that distinguishes a state from other organizations?

1. Economic power
2. Sovereignty
3. Size of population
4. Military strength

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Correct Answer: B. Sovereignty

Explanation:
Sovereignty is the supreme and independent authority of a state. It is the defining feature that allows a state to govern its own affairs without external interference, a power no other organization possesses.

78. Which of the following is a function of the legislature?

1. Making laws
2. Enforcing laws
3. Interpreting laws
4. Executing government policies

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Correct Answer: A. Making laws

Explanation:
The Legislature's primary function is law-making. Enforcing laws is the role of the Executive (B), and interpreting laws is the role of the Judiciary (C).

79. The system of government where the head of state is elected for a fixed term and is not a member of the legislature is the

1. parliamentary system.
2. presidential system.
3. unitary system.
4. monarchical system.

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Correct Answer: B. presidential system.

Explanation:
In a presidential system, there is a clear separation of powers between the executive and legislative branches. The president is directly elected and holds their position for a fixed term, independent of the legislature.

80. A country ruled by a small group of military leaders is an example of a(n)

1. aristocracy.
2. theocracy.
3. oligarchy.
4. plutocracy.

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Correct Answer: C. oligarchy.

Explanation:
An oligarchy is a government run by a small number of people. A military junta is a specific type of oligarchy where the ruling group is composed of military leaders.

81. The term 'anarchy' refers to a state of

1. total control by government.
2. rule by a single leader.
3. absence of government.
4. rule by a few people.

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Correct Answer: C. absence of government.

Explanation:
Anarchy is a state of disorder due to the absence or non-recognition of authority or a government. It is often characterized by political chaos and lawlessness.

82. Which of the following is a major function of a constitution?

1. To elect the president.
2. To define the relationship between the government and the governed.
3. To manage the economy.
4. To lead the military.

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Correct Answer: B. To define the relationship between the government and the governed.

Explanation:
A constitution is a set of fundamental principles that establishes the structure of government, outlines its powers and limits, and defines the rights and duties of citizens, thus defining the relationship between the state and its people.

83. The system of government where the head of state is a monarch but a prime minister heads the government is a

1. presidential system.
2. constitutional monarchy.
3. absolute monarchy.
4. theocracy.

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Correct Answer: B. constitutional monarchy.

Explanation:
A constitutional monarchy is a form of government in which a monarch acts as head of state within the parameters of a written or unwritten constitution. The monarch's powers are limited, and the real power lies with an elected parliament and prime minister.

84. The main source of power for a government in a democracy is

1. hereditary succession.
2. divine right.
3. popular vote.
4. military force.

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Correct Answer: C. popular vote.

Explanation:
In a democracy, the government derives its power from the consent of the people, expressed through free and fair elections where citizens cast their votes to choose their leaders.

85. Which of the following is a disadvantage of a multi-party system?

1. It gives voters a wider choice.
2. It can lead to political instability.
3. It promotes political stability.
4. It encourages political debates.

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Correct Answer: B. It can lead to political instability.

Explanation:
In a multi-party system, it is often difficult for a single party to win a clear majority, leading to the formation of unstable coalition governments that can easily collapse.

86. The practice of electing representatives to make laws and govern on behalf of the people is called

1. Direct democracy
2. Representative democracy
3. Unitary democracy
4. Constitutionalism

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Correct Answer: B. Representative democracy

Explanation:
In a representative democracy, citizens do not govern directly but elect representatives to legislate and administer the country on their behalf. This is the most common form of democracy today.

87. The first Nigerian leader to hold the title of President was

1. Tafawa Balewa
2. Nnamdi Azikiwe
3. Obafemi Awolowo
4. Shehu Shagari

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Correct Answer: B. Nnamdi Azikiwe

Explanation:
Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe became Nigeria's first President when the country became a republic under the 1963 Constitution.

88. Which of the following is a function of the legislature?

1. Making laws
2. Enforcing laws
3. Interpreting laws
4. Executing government policies

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Correct Answer: A. Making laws

Explanation:
The Legislature's primary function is law-making. Enforcing laws is the role of the Executive (B), and interpreting laws is the role of the Judiciary (C).

89. A government is said to be constitutional when its powers are

1. exercised by the military.
2. unlimited.
3. defined and limited by a constitution.
4. based on the will of the ruler.

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Correct Answer: C. defined and limited by a constitution.

Explanation:
A constitutional government is one that operates within the framework of a constitution, which establishes a set of rules that define and limit the government's powers.

90. The main function of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) is to

1. prosecute war criminals.
2. settle legal disputes between states.
3. provide military aid.
4. enforce international laws.

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Correct Answer: B. settle legal disputes between states.

Explanation:
The ICJ is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. Its role is to settle legal disputes submitted to it by states and to give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized UN organs and specialized agencies.