Poultry Feed Formulation JS 2 Plan

LESSON PLAN: LIVESTOCK FARMING

Subject:	Livestock Farming / Agricultural Science
Class:	JSS 2 (Basic 8)
Term:	First Term
Week:	Week 3
Topic:	Poultry Feed Formulation
Subtopics:	1. Balancing nutrients 2. Mixing procedures 3. Feed ratios and formulation steps
Duration:	80 Minutes (Double Period)

BEHAVIOURAL OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

1. Define a balanced ration and state its importance in poultry production.
2. List the steps and principles involved in formulating poultry feed.
3. Explain the Pearson Square method and mix a simple poultry ration using given ratios.

INSTRUCTIONAL / TEACHING AIDS

• Feed ingredient samples (Maize meal, Groundnut Cake, Fish meal, Wheat offal, Oyster shell, Bone meal, Salt).
• Weighing scale, mixing shovel/trowel, plastic bowls or mixing containers.
• Pearson Square calculation charts and step-by-step feed formulation flowcharts.

PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE / ENTRY BEHAVIOUR

Students studied the classification of feed ingredients in JSS 1 (Week 10) and know that poultry feeds consist of energy sources, proteins, minerals, and vitamins.

PRESENTATION STEPS

Step	Teacher's Activity	Students' Activity
Step 1: Introduction	Reviews feed classes from JSS 1 and introduces the concept of feed formulation and balanced rations.	Recall feed classes like carbohydrates (maize) and proteins (groundnut cake, fish meal).
Step 2: Balancing Nutrients	Explains nutrient requirements for different stages (Starter, Grower, Layer, Broiler) and why protein and energy levels vary.	Listen attentively and note down required Crude Protein (CP) percentages for chicks vs. layers.
Step 3: Pearson Square Method	Demonstrates step-by-step calculation of a 20% Crude Protein ration using Maize (9% CP) and Groundnut Cake (45% CP).	Follow the board demonstration, perform cross-subtraction, and calculate ingredient proportions.
Step 4: Mixing Procedures	Demonstrates hand-mixing technique: floor spreading, adding micro-ingredients (premix, salt) to basal ingredients, and thorough shovel turning.	Observe practical mixing demonstration and ask questions on achieving uniform feed distribution.
Step 5: Evaluation & Summary	Summarizes steps in feed formulation and evaluates learning using oral calculation problems.	Solve sample feed ratio questions on the board and copy homework assignment.

EVALUATION QUESTIONS

1. Define a balanced ration in livestock feeding.
2. State three factors considered before formulating feed for a flock of birds.
3. List four essential ingredients required to prepare a standard Layer Mash.
4. Outline the steps involved in manual floor mixing of poultry feed.